CONDITIONS
Neurocognitive Disorders

Neurocognitive disorders are conditions that affect mental functions such as memory, thinking, reasoning, attention, language, and problem-solving. These conditions can range from mild cognitive difficulties to more significant impairments that interfere with daily functioning and independence.

In some cases, changes in mental functioning may be temporary and reversible. In others, they may be related to neurodegenerative conditions that gradually worsen over time. Because cognitive functioning plays such an important role in everyday life, it is important to seek professional support if you or a loved one notices concerning changes in memory, thinking, behaviour, or functioning.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Neurocognitive disorders are characterised by a decline in one or more areas of cognitive functioning. Symptoms may include:

  • Difficulty planning or organising tasks
  • Problems with decision-making
  • Reduced concentration or focus
  • Difficulty understanding or using language
  • Trouble remembering names, events, or information
  • Difficulty performing familiar daily activities
  • Changes in social behaviour or judgement
  • Reduced emotional responsiveness or empathy
  • Problems with coordination or hand-eye functioning

The severity and progression of symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause.

What Contributes to Neurocognitive Disorders?

Neurocognitive disorders may develop as a result of neurodegenerative diseases, medical conditions, injuries, infections, or substance-related causes. Common conditions associated with neurocognitive decline include:

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Dementia-related illnesses
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Prion diseases

Other possible contributing factors may include:

  • Traumatic brain injury or concussion
  • Stroke or blood clots
  • Meningitis or encephalitis
  • Severe infections such as septicaemia
  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Substance use and long-term alcohol misuse

Although neurocognitive disorders are more common in older adults, younger individuals may also be affected depending on the underlying condition.

Assessment and Treatment

Accurate diagnosis is important because symptoms of neurocognitive disorders can sometimes overlap with other psychiatric or medical conditions, including depression, psychosis, or schizophrenia.

During the assessment process, Dr Chawane may explore cognitive symptoms, medical history, emotional wellbeing, and daily functioning. Additional investigations such as brain imaging or neurological testing may sometimes be recommended to better understand the underlying cause.

Treatment will depend on the specific condition and severity of symptoms. In some cases, cognitive difficulties may improve once the underlying medical issue is treated. In progressive neurodegenerative conditions, treatment is often focused on symptom management, maintaining quality of life, and supporting both the individual and their family.

Treatment approaches may include:

  • Medication management
  • Cognitive and supportive psychotherapy
  • Psychoeducation
  • Emotional and family support
  • Occupational therapy support
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration where appropriate

Dr Chawane works collaboratively with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals to provide compassionate, comprehensive care aimed at preserving functioning, supporting emotional wellbeing, and improving overall quality of life.

When to Seek Help

If you or someone close to you is experiencing ongoing changes in memory, thinking, behaviour, or daily functioning, seeking professional assessment may help provide clarity, support, and appropriate treatment options. Early intervention can play an important role in managing symptoms and planning supportive care.

“Take a proactive step towards understanding your mental health and reclaiming your sense of direction”

PODCASTS
Mind Vault Podcast SA

A space for open, thoughtful conversations about mental health, identity, and everyday lived experience.
Through the podcast, Dr Chawane shares insights, stories, and psychoeducation aimed at reducing stigma and making mental health more accessible.