Common Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of a substance use disorder may include:

• Using a substance more frequently or in larger amounts over time
• Strong cravings or urges to use the substance
• Difficulty reducing or stopping use
• Developing increased tolerance
• Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop
• Continuing use despite emotional, physical, social, or financial consequences
• Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home
• Spending significant time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance
• Using substances in risky or dangerous situations
• Withdrawal from relationships or usual activities

In many cases, substance use may begin as a way of coping with stress, emotional pain, trauma, anxiety, or depression, but gradually become difficult to manage independently.

What Contributes to Substance Use Disorders?

Substance use disorders are complex and usually develop due to a combination of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. These may include:

• Genetics and family history

• Trauma or adverse life experiences
• Anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions
• Peer influence and social environment
• Chronic stress or emotional distress
• Difficulty coping with emotions or life challenges

Repeated substance use can alter the brain’s reward and stress systems, making cravings, dependence, and relapse more likely over time. In some individuals, long-term substance use may also contribute to substance-induced mental health symptoms such as anxiety, depression, paranoia, aggression, hallucinations, or mood changes.

Assessment and Treatment

Seeking support early can significantly improve recovery outcomes and reduce the long-term impact of substance use on health, relationships, and daily functioning.

During an assessment, Dr Chawane will explore the pattern of substance use, emotional wellbeing, mental health symptoms, and the broader context surrounding the individual’s experiences in order to guide appropriate treatment recommendations.

Treatment may include:

• Psychiatric assessment and diagnosis
• Individual psychotherapy
• Relapse prevention strategies
• Detoxification and rehabilitation referrals where appropriate
• Treatment of co-existing mental health conditions
• Medication management where indicated
• Psychoeducation and family support
• Multidisciplinary collaboration with psychologists, social workers, rehabilitation teams, and other healthcare professionals

Recovery is often a gradual process that involves not only reducing substance use, but also understanding the emotional, psychological, and social factors contributing to it. With appropriate support and treatment, many individuals are able to regain stability, improve their wellbeing, and rebuild meaningful areas of their lives.

When to Seek Help

If substance use is affecting your health, relationships, emotional wellbeing, or ability to function, seeking professional support may be an important first step. Early intervention can help prevent further complications and support long-term recovery and healing.