Common Signs and Symptoms

The core symptoms of psychotic disorders include hallucinations and delusions, but other features may also be present.

Hallucinations and Delusions

• Hallucinations involve sensing things that are not present, such as hearing voices, seeing images, or feeling sensations that are not real
• Delusions are strongly held false beliefs that persist even when there is clear evidence to the contrary

Other Possible Symptoms

• Disorganised or incoherent speech
• Confused or disordered thinking
• Unusual or unsafe behaviour
• Reduced emotional expression or emotional “flatness”
• Social withdrawal or isolation
• Poor personal hygiene or self-care
• Loss of motivation or interest in activities
• Difficulties at work, school, or in relationships
• Changes in mood, including depression or mania
• Unusual movements or slowed behaviour

Symptoms may vary widely between individuals and can change over time.

What Contributes to Psychotic Disorders?

Psychotic disorders typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. Their development is believed to be influenced by a combination of factors, including:

• Genetic and family history
• Brain chemistry and neurological functioning
• Early brain development or injury
• Psychological stress
• Trauma or major life changes
• Substance use

While the experience of psychosis can be frightening and confusing, early assessment and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.

Assessment and Treatment

A thorough psychiatric assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis, as psychotic symptoms can occur in several different conditions, including medical or substance-related causes.

Dr Chawane conducts comprehensive evaluations to understand symptoms, medical history, and overall functioning in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment may include:

• Antipsychotic medication
• Mood stabilisers or antidepressants where appropriate
• Individual psychotherapy
• Psychoeducation for patients and families
• Relapse prevention strategies
• Supportive counselling
• Multidisciplinary care involving psychologists, occupational therapists, and social workers

Medication helps manage symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and mood instability, while therapy focuses on improving insight, coping strategies, and early recognition of symptom changes.

Support groups may also be beneficial in reducing isolation and providing shared understanding and encouragement.

When to Seek Help

If you or someone close to you is experiencing hallucinations, delusional beliefs, disorganised thinking, or significant changes in behaviour or functioning, seeking urgent professional assessment is important. Early intervention can improve long-term outcomes and support recovery, stability, and improved quality of life.